Due to the scale and financial constraints of small and medium-sized foreign trade enterprises themselves，In the selection of cross-border e-commerce logistics, postal packages are often used、Focusing on specialized logistics and overseas warehousing models，Supported by an international express delivery service model。These logistics models are difficult to solve the high cost of cross-border logistics for small and medium-sized foreign trade enterprises、Long delivery cycle、Returns and exchanges、Insufficient resource integration capabilities and other issues，Small and medium-sized enterprises still face various difficulties in operating overseas warehousing。In view of this，This article starts with the establishment of enterprise strategic alliances、Collaborate to jointly build overseas warehouses，With e-commerce platforms、Fourth Party Logistics、From the perspective of multi-party cooperation among government departments and others，Propose solutions to the logistics challenges faced by small and medium-sized foreign trade enterprises in conducting cross-border e-commerce。

in recent years，China's cross-border e-commerce shows a rapid development trend，The transaction amount is determined by2010Of1.3Trillion yuan growth to2017Of6.9Trillion yuan，Increase by5Multiple times，Effectively compensating for the slowdown in traditional foreign trade growth rate due to global demand contraction。Low threshold for cross-border e-commerce operation、Multiple trading opportunities，Many foreign trade enterprises have also joined the cross-border e-commerce business，Especially with flexible operations but small scale、Small and medium-sized enterprises with a single business。But compared to large foreign trade enterprises，Relying on its strong integration ability and the entire industry chain business model，Small and medium-sized foreign trade enterprises are limited by their own scale and operational capabilities，Difficulty in establishing a complete cross-border e-commerce supply chain system，In particular, logistics relies more on the third-party logistics model，This has also become a prominent weakness for small and medium-sized foreign trade enterprises to carry out cross-border e-commerce business，This article provides a specific analysis on this issue，And propose relevant countermeasures and suggestions。

one、The main logistics models for small and medium-sized foreign trade enterprises in China to develop cross-border e-commerce

（one）Postal Packet Mode。Postal packages are mainly cross-border logistics services provided by postal companies，Including China Post small package、internationalePostal treasure、Hong Kong Post's small package and other businesses。Due to the credit endorsement from China Post，And the established comprehensive logistics system and cross-border customs clearance process，Has become one of the main logistics choices for domestic small and medium-sized foreign trade enterprises。For products traded on cross-border e-commerce，It is mainly sent by personal mail，Relying on the postal mailing platform to complete the logistics delivery of goods。The main advantage of the postal package model is its wide range of transportation，As a cross-border logistics channel under the Chinese postal system，After years of development, it has been able to cover the vast majority of countries and regions around the world。in addition，The procedures for this mode are convenient and simple，Similar to domestic emails，Foreign trade enterprises only need to attach aviation labels、Customs declaration form、Paste the address and registration number on the email packaging，Delivery can be completed，The postal company is responsible for the remaining logistics procedures，Including customs declaration、Commodity inspection, etc，For small and medium-sized foreign trade enterprises engaged in cross-border e-commerce，Low threshold and cost。however，Its disadvantage lies in its slow speed、There are many restrictions on mailing items, etc，Generally from ChinaeA package sent to the United States by postal treasure，Arrival time at15-20day，meanwhile，Applicable products that can be shipped as electronic accessories、Mainly light industrial products such as clothing, shoes, and hats，Liquid class、Powder products cannot be shipped，There are also certain limitations on the volume and weight of postal packages。in addition，The logistics information tracking ability of postal parcels is also poor，The logistics feedback after the goods leave the country is relatively lagging，Sometimes it can cause information asymmetry between small and medium-sized foreign trade enterprises and buyers，Easy to cause disputes。

（two）International express delivery service model。The international express delivery service model mainly refers to the mail delivery logistics model provided by large international express delivery companies and domestic express delivery companies for their international business，Among them, international express companies use FedEx in the United StatesFedEx、U.S.AUPS、GermanyDHL、NetherlandsTNTThe most well-known。These large companies have a comprehensive logistics and distribution system、Exclusive customs clearance channels and powerful information network，Not lagging behind the postal package model in terms of transportation scope，In addition, their logistics services are excellent，Domestic packages sent to the United States are generally available at3Arrive within days，Shipments to Europe can also be made at3reach5Completed within working days，Low packet loss rate and information tracking，But compared to postal parcels，The cost is relatively expensive，Shipping to Europe and America includes the first weight（0.5kg）All above 100 RMB，This is too expensive for small and medium-sized foreign trade enterprises engaged in cross-border e-commerce transactions。SF Express in China、Zhongtong、Traditional express delivery companies such as Shentong have also launched international express delivery services in recent years，SF Express has opened to the United States、Australia、Japan and South Korea、Logistics in Southeast Asia and other regions，Its cost is also lower than that of the four major international express delivery companies，However, due to the fact that the logistics network and distribution system are still in the construction stage，In logistics services、The delivery scope and other aspects are still being continuously improved。

（three）The dedicated logistics model mainly targets certain。The model of setting up specialized logistics and transportation channels by the country，Most cities or regions with concentrated exports transport goods in bulk to foreign countries through air cargo packages，Further delivery to the destination country through cooperative companies，Based on unified sorting、Unified shipping method to reduce costs，Thereby achieving the scale effect of international logistics transportation。Besides low cost，Its delivery time is also relatively short，But the service is higher than international express delivery。at present，Some domestic cross-border e-commerce platforms also provide dedicated logistics solutions for small and medium-sized foreign trade enterprises，Alibaba's AliExpress platform has opened in the United States、Europe、Australia、Dedicated logistics in Russia and other regions，2017y2The South American logistics line has been launched again in the month，Small and medium-sized foreign trade enterprises ship goods through AliExpress dedicated logistics channels，Can be found in7-10Days to arrive in the UK、8-15Days to Spain，And can provide complete logistics tracking information，The first weight of its cost（0.5kg）Only a few tens of yuan，Even lower than the logistics cost of postal parcels，Has become the preferred choice for domestic small and medium-sized foreign trade enterprises。However, due to the narrow coverage of specialized logistics business, its main disadvantage is，Especially, logistics channels are more concentrated in Europe and America、Russia or Southeast Asia, etc，Many domestic companies engaged in specialized logistics also cooperate with foreign postal and other enterprises in overseas transportation channels，Therefore, the overseas transportation and logistics channels are uncontrollable，Delivery delays and other phenomena occur，Most logistics companies do not accept return services when problems arise。

（four）Overseas warehousing mode。The overseas warehousing model refers to domestic foreign trade enterprises renting or constructing warehouses in the destination country of cross-border e-commerce in advance，Based on the order information or procurement trends of cross-border e-commerce buyers, the goods will be shipped to the target country's warehouse through international logistics，When customers place orders on e-commerce platforms, they can directly allocate goods from overseas warehouses，Provide shipping and delivery services。This model breaks through postal parcels、International express delivery services、Time and space limitations of specialized logistics and other modes，By pre estimating, it can provide buyers with the same logistics and delivery service effect as domestic online shopping，And the pre shipment mode can choose sea freight or other methods，Reduce transportation restrictions。at present，Amazon、Dunhuang Website、JD.COM、Cross border e-commerce platforms such as AliExpress have overseas warehousing layout，Provide leasing services for small and medium-sized foreign trade enterprises，Some strong domestic small and medium-sized foreign trade enterprises，Electronic products in Guangzhou、Furniture companies in Shanghai have also built their own overseas warehouses，Provide convenience for cross-border e-commerce business，Currently, only domestic enterprises in the US market have reached overseas warehouses300Around Home。But a major issue with overseas warehousing is the cost control of its overseas warehousing，Rental or construction cost of warehouses，Management costs, etc，They are all initial investments from foreign trade enterprises，Once the product is unsold, it is easy for the enterprise to lose more than it gains。This requires configuring the warehouse products、Accurate prediction of product inventory，Inaccurate product configuration or excessive inventory，It is easy to cause a backlog of goods，Causing additional management costs and inventory waste，Insufficient inventory of goods and inability to provide buyers with a high-quality logistics service experience，Unable to achieve the effect of warehouse building。

two、Logistics challenges faced by small and medium-sized foreign trade enterprises in China in developing cross-border e-commerce

（one）Excessive reliance on economic logistics，Difficulty in meeting cost and delivery time requirements。Compared to traditional foreign trade business，Cross border e-commerce trade has a large number of orders、scattered、Low profit characteristics，Its service target is mainly individual consumers，Traditional foreign trade is mostlyB2Btype，Enterprise customers themselves will also provide logistics solutions and bear the related logistics costs。These characteristics have led to the development of cross-border e-commerce business by small and medium-sized foreign trade enterprises，Mainly choose economic cross-border logistics models such as postal packages and dedicated logistics，Supported by international express delivery and overseas warehouse models。One major problem with economic cross-border logistics models is the long delivery cycle，Its transported goods reach countries such as Europe and America，Generally required10More than days，Arriving in South America requires20More than days，Delivery times are often limited by domestic e-commerce5-10times，Difficulty in meeting the delivery time requirements of cross-border e-commerce customers。On the one hand, due to the long chain of cross-border e-commerce logistics、Multiple links involved，Passed through customs clearance in the middle、International transportation and foreign logistics distribution, etc；On the other hand, as a third-party logistics system，Postal packages and other models face thousands of orders，It is difficult to provide differentiation for small and medium-sized foreign trade enterprises、Quick service。in addition，The low unit price of cross-border e-commerce leads to small and medium-sized foreign trade enterprises seeking profits，Try to reduce logistics costs as much as possible，But even if it's a postal package、Relatively low-cost models such as dedicated logistics，Compared to the operating costs of cross-border e-commerce for small and medium-sized enterprises，Still quite high，Logistics costs even account for half of its total operating costs50%above，Taking postal parcels as an example，The tariff for domestic packages sent to Southeast Asia is approximately60element/kg，The tariff standard for going to places such as the United States is approximately80element/kg，And the price of a piece of clothing on domestic cross-border e-commerce websites is not much100multivariate。For small and medium-sized foreign trade enterprises，When facing the fragmentation of cross-border e-commerce transaction orders、When there are new characteristics such as low profits，物流成本高与配送week期长是其one大短板，And large foreign trade enterprises，Often having their own cross-border logistics system，Be able to6Arrive in Europe, America and other countries within about working days，Logistics costs can be reduced by relying on higher service scale effects throughout the entire industry chain。（two）Difficulty in returning or exchanging goods，Outstanding issues in reverse logistics。Although cross-border e-commerce has increased opportunities for foreign trade transactions，But most of its transactions are based on online cross-border e-commerce platforms with network images、Product description and online communication methods，Compared to traditional foreign trade，Insufficient contractual basis for the transaction of buyer and seller orders，In addition, it is difficult to guarantee the damage rate of packages in cross-border e-commerce logistics，Packet loss also occurs from time to time，therefore，The issue of returns and exchanges in cross-border e-commerce is relatively prominent。According to statistics, the average return rate of cross-border e-commerce products is3%-5%about，clothing、Toys、The return rate of products such as shoes and bags is as high as10%above，The reverse logistics process of returning goods also faces various costs、Tariff collection and inspection by regulatory authorities，There may even be situations where the return and exchange costs exceed the value of the product。For small and medium-sized foreign trade enterprises，The logistics cost of conducting cross-border e-commerce is inherently high，In addition, the uncontrollability of each link，Causing difficulties for buyers to return and exchange goods，Difficult to solve the problem of reverse logistics in cross-border e-commerce。Large foreign trade enterprises rely on comprehensive cross-border e-commerce logistics、Information flow supply chain system，Established channel management team in long-term overseas operations、Government business relations, etc，Can better solve such problems。Sinotrans has even achieved monitoring and visualization of cross-border online shopping throughout the entire process，Its global quality monitoring center can provide vehicles24hour×52week，365Continuous monitoring of people and goods throughout the day without rest，Therefore, regarding the loss of goods、Return and exchange issues such as substandard quality，能够第one时间启动应急预案，Timely and effective resolution of reverse logistics issues in cross-border e-commerce。（three）Insufficient ability to operate overseas warehouses，Unable to meet transaction requirements。Overseas warehouse construction can provide consumers with more overseas goods，Breaking traditional single package express delivery restrictions on volume、Limitations on weight，Can also provide consumers with a fast and convenient shopping experience，Shorter delivery time，Especially in terms of returns, exchanges, and after-sales service, there are significant advantages。But the logistics model of overseas warehouses，The construction cost in the early stage is relatively high，Faced with management during use、Refinement issues such as product configuration and inventory，Therefore, it is difficult for small and medium-sized foreign trade enterprises with smaller business scales to fully expand their business in the overseas warehouse logistics model，Forming operational difficulties。对于one些仅仅从事外贸业务的小型企业来说，Even if leasing is adopted，Cargo warehousing management、The total cost of order processing and overseas and local delivery of goods is often relatively high。Taking the United States as an example，The annual rent for its overseas warehouse is100-120美element/square meter，Wages of warehouse management workers2000美element/月above，Foreign trade enterprises with monthly sales of several million RMB are required to bear the burden。in addition，The operation of overseas warehouses requires refined inventory management、Strong data analysis and operations team、Accurate product configuration prediction and other systems，So that the warehouse inventory and product configuration are appropriate，Avoid excessive product backlog and unsold products，这对于中小型外贸企业是one个较大的挑战或不小的经营成本。However, the number and area of overseas warehouses in China are still insufficient，according to the statistics，At present, China's overseas warehousing only accounts for half of the overall cross-border logistics solutions1/3，Sometimes it can make it difficult for warehouses to meet the warehousing needs of cross-border trading goods，especially“双十one”Waiting for e-commerce period，The sudden increase in cross-border e-commerce order volume leads to frequent stock shortages。For small and medium-sized foreign trade enterprises，The construction of overseas warehouses is very suitable for cross-border e-commerce transactions、scattered、Multiple demands，Reduce logistics delivery deadlines，And respond to the surge in transaction requirements，But its high operating costs and high-end management requirements，The dilemma of conducting cross-border e-commerce business。（four）Insufficient ability to integrate resources，There are few logistics solutions available。Due to the longer logistics industry chain and links of cross-border e-commerce，包含从商品供应到消费的one条整体供应链，Involving multiple countries and regions、Related enterprises and departments，Therefore, it further tests the coordination of foreign trade enterprises in the entire logistics chain、Integration capability。This capability is not only limited to the ability of foreign trade enterprises to cope with cross-border e-commerce logistics costs and delivery timelines、Ability to handle return and exchange issues，It also includes cross-border e-commerce logistics solutions at a higher level。If faced with customs inspection policies and efficiency issues during the customs clearance process、Connection between domestic and overseas logistics、Intelligent Path Optimization for International Logistics Delivery、Issues such as collaborative delivery among multiple logistics providers。Compared to others，大型外贸企业由于其one体化的跨境电商全产业链体系、Powerful informatization and logistics facility construction，And the ability to integrate logistics companies、customs、Commodity inspection、Insurance、bank、Upstream and downstream resources such as warehousing，Addressing the more complex issues of cross-border e-commerce logistics，Logistics solutions with multiple optimizations。Cross border e-commerce websites under China Building Materials Import and Export Corporation———Yidan Network，Signed agreements with multiple domestic and foreign airlines、Marketing outlets across six continents、Supply chain financial services in collaboration with multiple banks，And a powerful global positioning system、Information support such as cloud computing platforms，Achieved efficient cross-border e-commerce、low cost、Collaborative work，And comprehensive risk management capabilities。On the contrary, small and medium-sized foreign trade enterprises，Own business restrictions，Cross border e-commerce transactions、物流更多依赖第three方平台，More reliance on low profit survival under multiple batch orders，Insufficient solution capabilities for cross-border e-commerce logistics、Weak risk response mechanism。

three、Ways to Solve the Difficulties of Developing Cross border E-commerce Logistics for Small and Medium sized Foreign Trade Enterprises in China

（one）Collaborate to jointly build overseas warehouses，Solve the problem of difficult returns and exchanges。The overseas warehousing model is beneficial for foreign trade enterprises engaged in cross-border e-commerce business，Has significant strategic value，By pre transporting goods in bulk to overseas warehouses，Then sort the goods according to the requirements of cross-border e-commerce orders、packing、Delivery, etc，Reduced logistics costs，Shortened delivery cycle again。More importantly, facing the issue of returns and exchanges from consumers，Overseas warehouses can serve as transfer stations，Avoiding secondary transportation of goods、Customs clearance、Additional time and cost brought by commodity inspection，Simultaneously utilizing existing warehouses can partially solve consumers' exchange issues。Especially in“Double Eleven”Waiting for a sharp increase in overseas orders，When facing return and exchange issues，Effectively addressing cross-border logistics efficiency and product allocation issues，This is irreplaceable by other logistics models，It is also a future development trend。But the initial construction cost of overseas warehouses、High rental management costs，Specialization of inventory management and product allocation、Refinement requirements, etc，It is a major challenge for small and medium-sized foreign trade enterprises。This requires the use of leasing between small and medium-sized foreign trade enterprises or cross-border e-commerce platforms、agreement、Various methods such as equity investment，Collaborate to build exclusive overseas warehouses for the target location，To reduce warehouse construction and operational costs。

（two）Leveraging large domestic cross-border e-commerce platforms，Expand logistics solutions。Cross border e-commerce compared to traditional foreign trade，More testing the integration of logistics resources，Its longer supply chain makes the synergy of each logistics link very important，Including the collection of goods、sorting 、storage、transport、Customs clearance、Commodity inspection、after-sale service、Returns and exchanges, etc。For small and medium-sized foreign trade enterprises，Due to the singularity of its business and the imperfect supply chain system，It's difficult to cover everything in every aspect。This requires cooperation between small and medium-sized foreign trade enterprises and large domestic cross-border e-commerce platforms，Realize resource integration。one side，Large cross-border e-commerce platforms also attach great importance to the construction of information flow of goods，Collaborated with domestic and foreign logistics companies，Collection of products sold on the platform、Delivery、Effective feedback can be obtained through detailed tracking of the situation，Launched by AliExpress in collaboration with Alibaba“AliExpressWorry free logistics”service；on the other hand，Some large cross-border e-commerce websites are also actively expanding their overseas logistics networks，Like JD.com、Amazon, etc，Lanting Jishi、Big Dragon Network is also in the United States one after another、Europe、Russia and other regions establish their own overseas warehouses，These large cross-border e-commerce platforms also have certain resource integration capabilities，And aviation、Logistics has business connections，At the same time, they can also provide certain supply chain financial services themselves，At customs clearance、Logistics dispute resolution、There are also relevant solutions for after-sales compensation and other related issues。Small and medium-sized foreign trade enterprises can leverage their own products on relevant e-commerce websites for opportunities，Establishing logistics cooperation relationships with large cross-border e-commerce companies，Expand logistics solutions。

（three）Utilizing the fourth party logistics model，Optimize logistics solutions。Addressing the issue of insufficient resource integration capabilities in small and medium-sized foreign trade enterprises，Related enterprises can also introduce third-party logistics resources，Rurushitong、Delivering to Four Directions（4PX）Waiting for companies，Provide services for our own cross-border e-commerce logistics system，Optimize logistics solutions。The fourth party logistics is an international logistics model derived from the third-party logistics model，It itself does not provide logistics and transportation activities，But to provide a complete set of logistics planning solutions。These solutions include optimizing the path in logistics transportation、The choice of logistics mode, etc。More Than This，Fourth party cross-border logistics can also integrate electronic information systems，Monitor and track the logistics process，And timely provide inventory and warehousing information based on data resources，Solution to the problem of goods allocation and return and exchange。Some fourth party logistics can also integrate laws、Insurance、finance、Commodity inspection、Customs declaration and other resources，For customs clearance in cross-border e-commerce、finance、Provide consulting services on legal and other issues，Not only can it make up for the insufficient coordination and integration capabilities of small and medium-sized foreign trade enterprises，It can also improve the cross-border e-commerce logistics supply chain，Improve logistics delivery efficiency，cost reduction。Under controllable cost，Utilizing the fourth party logistics model is an optional way to improve various issues in cross-border e-commerce logistics for small and medium-sized foreign trade enterprises。

（four）Improve logistics informatization，Improve risk response capabilities。Small and medium-sized foreign trade enterprises can also cooperate with government departments，Improve the informatization of existing cross-border logistics through multiple channels、Supply Chain System。In logistics big data、Intelligence、Against the backdrop of the development of IoT technology，Actively communicate with logistics enterprises，Provide logistics supply chain and information construction needs，Assist cross-border logistics enterprises in improving their information systems，Including in modes such as postal packages，Through smart logistics、Internet of Things and other technologies，Install monitoring and information feedback devices for transportation and distribution equipment，Assist domestic logistics enterprises in building their own overseas logistics information system、Mobile terminal applications, etc，Cooperation with foreign logistics enterprises，Jointly building a logistics information sharing platform。For food、Cosmetics、Commodities such as daily necessities can adopt bonded stocking and bonded direct mail modes，Effectively utilizing the settlement cycle between customs and e-commerce to complete returns and exchanges in advance，Reduce unnecessary tariff payment issues。in addition，Enterprise based commodity trading、Delivery、Warehouse and other data，Establishing a backlog of unsold goods with the customs department、Green Channel for Returning Defective Products to China，Effectively solving the problem of reverse logistics difficulties for small and medium-sized foreign trade enterprises。meanwhile，Utilize policy advantages，Against the backdrop of the country's vigorous development of cross-border e-commerce comprehensive pilot zones，Based on the advantages of industrial parks，With universities and colleges、Cooperation with relevant institutions，Cultivate and gather customs clearance、logistics、test、drawback、foreign exchange、Talents in various fields such as finance，Develop a comprehensive solution for cross-border e-commerce logistics，Thereby reducing taxes in logistics、exchange-rate risks，Forming scale effect。